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A mathematical object invented to solve irreducible congruences of the form F(x)=0 (mod p), where p is prime.

For n players, n-1 games are needed to fairly determine first place, and n-1+lg(n-1) are needed to fairly determine first and second place.

gamma_r=(kappa_r)/(sigma^(r+2)), where kappa_r are cumulants and sigma is the standard deviation.

year winner 2010 Yves Meyer

A coordinate system which has a metric satisfying g_(ii)=-1 and partialg_(ij)/partialx_j=0.

If a distribution has a single mode at mu_0, then P(|x-mu_0|>=lambdatau)<=4/(9lambda^2), where tau^2=sigma^2+(mu-mu_0)^2.

If (1+xsin^2alpha)sinbeta=(1+x)sinalpha, then (1+x)int_0^alpha(dphi)/(sqrt(1-x^2sin^2phi))=int_0^beta(dphi)/(sqrt(1-(4x)/((1+x)^2)sin^2phi)).

The geodesics on a general cylinder generated by lines parallel to a line l with which the tangent makes a constant angle.

An algorithm for computing an Egyptian fraction.

dtau^2=-eta_(alphabeta)dxi^alphadxi^beta, or (d^2xi^alpha)/(dtau^2)=0.