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Cis(x) is another name for the complex exponential, Cis(x)=e^(ix)=cosx+isinx. (1) It has derivative d/(dz)Cis(z)=ie^(iz) (2) and indefinite integral intCis(z)dz=-ie^(iz). (3)

Find necessary and sufficient conditions that determine when the integral curve of two periodic functions kappa(s) and tau(s) with the same period L is a closed curve.

The number of empty neighbors of a cluster.

The underlying set of the fundamental group of X is the set of based homotopy classes from the circle to X, denoted [S^1,X]. For general spaces X and Y, there is no natural ...

A definable set which is the complement of an analytic set.

Two lines that lie on top of one another are called coincident lines.

An abbreviation for the cokernel.

The logarithm of the reciprocal of a number, equal to the negative of the logarithm of the number itself, cologx=log(1/x)=-logx.

An m×1 matrix [a_(11); a_(21); |; a_(m1)].

Combinatorial game theory is the theory of two-player games of perfect knowledge such as go, chess, or checkers.