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Let p be an odd prime and b a positive integer not divisible by p. Then for each positive odd integer 2k-1<p, let r_k be r_k=(2k-1)b (mod p) with 0<r_k<p, and let t be the ...

For even h, (1) (Nagell 1951, p. 176). Writing out symbolically, sum_(n=0)^h((-1)^nproduct_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-x^(h-k)))/(product_(k=1)^(n)(1-x^k))=product_(k=0)^(h/2-1)1-x^(2k+1), ...

A geodesic mapping f:M->N between two Riemannian manifolds is a diffeomorphism sending geodesics of M into geodesics of N, whose inverse also sends geodesics to geodesics ...

A global minimum, also known as an absolute minimum, is the smallest overall value of a set, function, etc., over its entire range. It is impossible to construct an algorithm ...

A binomial coefficient (N; k) with k>=2 is called good if its least prime factor satisfies lpf(N; k)>k (Erdős et al. 1993). This is equivalent to the requirement that GCD((N; ...

An algebraic ring which appears in treatments of duality in algebraic geometry. Let A be a local Artinian ring with m subset A its maximal ideal. Then A is a Gorenstein ring ...

A honeycomb-like packing that forms hexagons.

The problem of deciding if four colors are sufficient to color any map on a plane or sphere.

Let A=a_(ik) be an arbitrary n×n nonsingular matrix with real elements and determinant |A|, then |A|^2<=product_(i=1)^n(sum_(k=1)^na_(ik)^2).

The symbol defined by (v,n) = (2^(-2n){(4v^2-1)(4v^2-3^2)...[4v^2-(2n-1)^2]})/(n!) (1) = ((-1)^ncos(piv)Gamma(1/2+n-v)Gamma(1/2+n+v))/(pin!), (2) where Gamma(z) is the gamma ...