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The ratio of two independent estimates of the variance of a normal distribution.

The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

A normalizer of a nontrivial Sylow p-subgroup of a group G.

An m-ary n-ic polynomial (i.e., a homogeneous polynomial with constant coefficients of degree n in m independent variables).

A parameterization of a surface x(u,v) in u and v is regular if the tangent vectors (partialx)/(partialu) and (partialx)/(partialv) are always linearly independent.

Two curves are tangent externally at a point P if they lie on opposite sides of their common tangent at P

If the first nonzero component of the vector difference A-B is >0, then A≻B. If the first nonzero component of A-B is <0, then A≺B.

A theorem which effectively describes how lengths, areas, volumes, and generalized n-dimensional volumes (contents) are distorted by differentiable functions. In particular, ...

In the most commonly used convention (e.g., Apostol 1967, pp. 202-204), the first fundamental theorem of calculus, also termed "the fundamental theorem, part I" (e.g., Sisson ...

The so-called generalized Fourier integral is a pair of integrals--a "lower Fourier integral" and an "upper Fourier integral"--which allow certain complex-valued functions f ...