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Orthogonal circles are orthogonal curves, i.e., they cut one another at right angles. By the Pythagorean theorem, two circles of radii r_1 and r_2 whose centers are a ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...

An orthogonal coordinate system is a system of curvilinear coordinates in which each family of surfaces intersects the others at right angles. Orthogonal coordinates ...

Two (or more) intersecting curves that are perpendicular at their intersection are said to be orthogonal.

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

Two functions f(x) and g(x) are orthogonal over the interval a<=x<=b with weighting function w(x) if <f(x)|g(x)>=int_a^bf(x)g(x)w(x)dx=0. (1) If, in addition, ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...

Two representations of a group chi_i and chi_j are said to be orthogonal if sum_(R)chi_i(R)chi_j(R)=0 for i!=j, where the sum is over all elements R of the representation.

Orthogonal involution, also called absolute involution, is the involution on the line at infinity that maps orthogonal directions to each other.

Two or more lines or line segments which are perpendicular are said to be orthogonal.