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A hypothesis is a proposition that is consistent with known data, but has been neither verified nor shown to be false. In statistics, a hypothesis (sometimes called a ...

A hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point P attached to a circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius a, where P is a distance h from the ...

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

An independent variable is a variable whose values don't depend on changes in other variables. This is in contrast to the definition of dependent variable. As with dependent ...

An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local ...

Let f be a function defined on a set A and taking values in a set B. Then f is said to be an injection (or injective map, or embedding) if, whenever f(x)=f(y), it must be the ...

The insphere of a solid is a sphere that is tangent to all faces of the solid. An insphere does not always exist, but when it does, its radius r is called the inradius and ...

The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of elements common to A and B. This is written A intersection B, and is pronounced "A intersection B" or "A cap B." The ...