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A general term which refers to an increase (or decrease in the case of the oxymoron "negative growth") in a given quantity.

"God is or He is not...Let us weigh the gain and the loss in choosing...'God is.' If you gain, you gain all, if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, unhesitatingly, that ...

The property of being degenerate.

In 1891, Chebyshev and Sylvester showed that for sufficiently large x, there exists at least one prime number p satisfying x<p<(1+alpha)x, where alpha=0.092.... Since the ...

Newton's term for a variable in his method of fluxions (differential calculus).

"Fluxion" is the term for derivative in Newton's calculus, generally denoted with a raised dot, e.g., f^.. The "d-ism" of Leibniz's df/dt eventually won the notation battle ...

The Lebombo bone is the oldest known mathematical artifact. It dates from 35000 BC and consists of 29 distinct notches that were deliberately cut into a baboon's fibula. It ...

The method of exhaustion was an integral-like limiting process used by Archimedes to compute the area and volume of two-dimensional lamina and three-dimensional solids.

Given a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c), the fractions a/b and b/a are called Pythagorean fractions. Diophantus showed that the Pythagorean fractions consist precisely of ...

A word derived from the Latin roots quad- (four) and via (ways, roads), therefore a crossing of four roads. In medieval universities, the quadrivium consisted of the four ...