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A graph G is transitive if any three vertices (x,y,z) such that edges (x,y),(y,z) in G imply (x,z) in G. Unlabeled transitive digraphs are called digraph topologies.

A maximal clique is a clique that cannot be extended by including one more adjacent vertex, meaning it is not a subset of a larger clique. A maximum clique (i.e., clique of ...

A vertex cut, also called a vertex cut set or separating set (West 2000, p. 148), of a connected graph G is a subset of the vertex set S subset= V(G) such that G-S has more ...

Let P(G) denote the chromatic polynomial of a finite simple graph G. Then G is said to be chromatically unique if P(G)=P(H) implies that G and H are isomorphic graphs, in ...

A perfect matching of a graph is a matching (i.e., an independent edge set) in which every vertex of the graph is incident to exactly one edge of the matching. A perfect ...

The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

The total domination number gamma_t of a graph is the size of a smallest total dominating set, where a total dominating set is a set of vertices of the graph such that all ...

Let m(G) be the cycle rank of a graph G, m^*(G) be the cocycle rank, and the relative complement G-H of a subgraph H of G be defined as that subgraph obtained by deleting the ...

Vizing's theorem states that a graph can be edge-colored in either Delta or Delta+1 colors, where Delta is the maximum vertex degree of the graph. This partitions graphs into ...

A fiveleaper graph is a graph formed by all possible moves of a hypothetical chess piece called a "fiveleaper" which moves analogously to a knight except that it is ...