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Two (or more) intersecting curves that are perpendicular at their intersection are said to be orthogonal.

Two or more lines or line segments which are perpendicular are said to be orthogonal.

Two subspaces S_1 and S_2 of R^n are said to be orthogonal if the dot product v_1·v_2=0 for all vectors v_1 in S_1 and all v_2 in S_2.

Orthogonal contravariant and covariant satisfy g_(ik)g^(ij)=delta_k^j, where delta_j^k is the Kronecker delta.

Unit vectors which are orthogonal are said to be orthonormal.

A function that exhibits oscillation (i.e., slope changes) is said to be oscillating, or sometimes oscillatory.

The term "over" is commonly used in mathematical exposition as a synonym for "in the domain of." So, for example, "Let f be a function over the reals" means "Let f be a ...

The Owen T-function is defined as T(x,a)=1/(2pi)int_0^a(e^(-x^2(1+t^2)/2))/(1+t^2)dt. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as OwenT[x, a]. A special value is given by ...

The probability that a variate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance: P(z>=z_(observed)).

The map x^' = x+1 (1) y^' = 2x+y+1, (2) which leaves the parabola x^('2)-y^'=(x+1)^2-(2x+y+1)=x^2-y (3) invariant.