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A relational system is a structure R=(S,{P_i:i in I},{f_j:j in J}) consisting of a set S, a collection of relations P_i(i in I) on S, and a collection of functions f_j(j in ...

Rényi entropy is defined as: H_alpha(p_1,p_2,...,p_n)=1/(1-alpha)ln(sum_(i=1)^np_i^alpha), where alpha>0, alpha!=1. As alpha->1, H_alpha(p_1,p_2,...,p_n) converges to ...

A tree of links obtained by repeatedly choosing a crossing, applying the skein relationship to obtain two simpler links, and repeating the process. The tree depth of a ...

The sum of the aliquot divisors of n, given by s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function. The first few values are 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 7, 4, 8, 1, 16, ... ...

An algorithm for computing an Egyptian fraction.

If the knot K is the boundary K=f(S^1) of a singular disk f:D->S^3 which has the property that each self-intersecting component is an arc A subset f(D^2) for which f^(-1)(A) ...

If the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture holds for all semistable elliptic curves, then Fermat's last theorem is true. Before its proof by Ribet in 1986, the theorem had been ...

Consider a countable subgroup H with elements h_i and an element x not in H, then h_ix for i=1, 2, ... constitute the right coset of the subgroup H with respect to x.

The direct product of the rings R_gamma, for gamma some index set I, is the set product_(gamma in I)R_gamma={f:I-> union _(gamma in I)R_gamma|f(gamma) in R_gamma all gamma in ...

The kernel of a ring homomorphism f:R-->S is the set of all elements of R which are mapped to zero. It is the kernel of f as a homomorphism of additive groups. It is an ideal ...