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The integral closure of a commutative unit ring R in an extension ring S is the set of all elements of S which are integral over R. It is a subring of S containing R.

A ring that is commutative under multiplication, has a multiplicative identity element, and has no divisors of 0. The integers form an integral domain.

Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

An extension ring R subset= S such that every element of S is integral over R.

Let E be a set of expressions representing real, single-valued partially defined functions of one real variable. Let E^* be the set of functions represented by expressions in ...

One of the "knots" t_(p+1), ..., t_(m-p-1) of a B-spline with control points P_0, ..., P_n and knot vector T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, where p=m-n-1.

A polynomial map phi_(f), with f=(f_1,...,f_n) in (K[X_1,...,X_n])^m in a field K is called invertible if there exist g_1,...,g_m in K[X_1,...,x_n] such that ...

The Ionin-Kharaghani graph is a strongly regular graph on 765 vertices and 73440 edges. It has regular parameters (nu,k,lambda,mu)=(765,192,48,48). It is implemented in the ...

An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

An irreducible fraction is a fraction p/q for which GCD(p,q)=1, i.e., p and q are relatively prime. For example, in the complex plane, (4+7i)/(2+i)=3+2i is reducible, while ...