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A knot invariant is a function from the set of all knots to any other set such that the function does not change as the knot is changed (up to isotopy). In other words, a ...

A theorem which plays a fundamental role in computer science because it is one of the main tools for showing that certain orderings on trees are well-founded. These orderings ...

There are at least two distinct notions of linear space throughout mathematics. The term linear space is most commonly used within functional analysis as a synonym of the ...

Mann's theorem is a theorem widely circulated as the "alpha-beta conjecture" that was subsequently proven by Mann (1942). It states that if A and B are sets of integers each ...

A nonnegative function g(x,y) describing the "distance" between neighboring points for a given set. A metric satisfies the triangle inequality g(x,y)+g(y,z)>=g(x,z) (1) and ...

The fundamental theorem of game theory which states that every finite, zero-sum, two-person game has optimal mixed strategies. It was proved by John von Neumann in 1928. ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...

Let a module M in an integral domain D_1 for R(sqrt(D)) be expressed using a two-element basis as M=[xi_1,xi_2], where xi_1 and xi_2 are in D_1. Then the different of the ...

The word multiplicity is a general term meaning "the number of values for which a given condition holds." For example, the term is used to refer to the value of the totient ...

A graphical plot which can be used for solving certain types of equations. According to Steinhaus (1999, p. 301), the Nomogram was invented by the French mathematicians ...