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A minimum vertex cut of a graph is a vertex cut of smallest possible size. A vertex cut set of size 1 in a connected graph corresponds to an articulation vertex. The size of ...

Modus tollens is a valid argument form in propositional calculus in which p and q are propositions. If p implies q, and q is false, then p is false. Also known as an indirect ...

Given an m×n matrix B, the Moore-Penrose generalized matrix inverse is a unique n×m matrix pseudoinverse B^+. This matrix was independently defined by Moore in 1920 and ...

Let g(x_1,...,x_n,y) be a function such that for any x_1, ..., x_n, there is at least one y such that g(x_1,...,x_n,y)=0. Then the mu-operator muy(g(x_1,...,x_n,y)=0) gives ...

Multivariate analysis is the simultaneous statistical consideration of relationships among many measured properties of a given system (Gould 1996, p. 42).

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

A predicate in logic equivalent to the composition NOT OR that yields false if any condition is true, and true if all conditions are false. A NOR B is equivalent to !(A v B), ...

An connective in logic which converts true to false and false to true. NOT A is denoted !A, ¬A, A^_ (Simpson 1987, p. 537) or ∼A (Carnap 1958, p. 7; Mendelson 1997, p. 12). ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

The natural projection, also called the homomorphism, is a logical way of mapping an algebraic structure onto its quotient structures. The natural projection pi is defined ...