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In his Meditationes algebraicae, Waring (1770, 1782) proposed a generalization of Lagrange's four-square theorem, stating that every rational integer is the sum of a fixed ...

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a criterion.

Arrow's paradox, also called Arrow's impossibility theorem or the general possibility theorem, states that perfect democratic voting is impossible, not just in practice but ...

The rule (F,F=>G)/G, where => means "implies," which is the sole rule of inference in propositional calculus. This rule states that if each of F and F=>G is either an axiom ...

A type of mathematical result which is considered by most logicians as more natural than the metamathematical incompleteness results first discovered by Gödel. Finite ...

One name for the figure used by Euclid to prove the Pythagorean theorem. It is sometimes also known as the "windmill."

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a condition.

One name for the figure used by Euclid to prove the Pythagorean theorem.

A canonical labeling, also called a canonical form, of a graph G is a graph G^' which is isomorphic to G and which represents the whole isomorphism class of G (Piperno 2011). ...

A metric space X is boundedly compact if all closed bounded subsets of X are compact. Every boundedly compact metric space is complete. (This is a generalization of the ...