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A biquadratic number is a fourth power, n^4. The first few biquadratic numbers are 1, 16, 81, 256, 625, ... (OEIS A000583). The minimum number of biquadratic numbers needed ...

If two single-valued continuous functions kappa(s) (curvature) and tau(s) (torsion) are given for s>0, then there exists exactly one space curve, determined except for ...

Let (L,<=) be any complete lattice. Suppose f:L->L is monotone increasing (or isotone), i.e., for all x,y in L, x<=y implies f(x)<=f(y). Then the set of all fixed points of f ...

Enclose a sphere in a cylinder and cut out a spherical segment by slicing twice perpendicularly to the cylinder's axis. Then the lateral surface area of the spherical segment ...

Let F_0 and F_1 denote two directly similar figures in the plane, where P_1 in F_1 corresponds to P_0 in F_0 under the given similarity. Let r in (0,1), and define ...

Let five circles with concyclic centers be drawn such that each intersects its neighbors in two points, with one of these intersections lying itself on the circle of centers. ...

Let any finite or infinite set of points having no finite limit point be prescribed and associate with each of its points a principal part, i.e., a rational function of the ...

Let 0<p_1<p_2<... be integers and suppose that there exists a lambda>1 such that p_(j+1)/p_j>lambda for j=1, 2, .... Suppose that for some sequence of complex numbers {a_j} ...

Two polygons are congruent by dissection iff they have the same area. In particular, any polygon is congruent by dissection to a square of the same area. Laczkovich (1988) ...

Given the statement "if P, then Q," or P=>Q, the converse is "if Q, then P." For example, the converse of "If a thing is a dog then it is a mammal" is "If a thing is a mammal ...