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The usual type of vector, which can be viewed as a contravariant tensor ("ket") of tensor rank 1. Contravariant vectors are dual to one-forms ("bras," a.k.a. covariant ...

The mathematical study of how to manipulate the parameters affecting the behavior of a system to produce the desired or optimal outcome.

The acceleration of an element of fluid, given by the convective derivative of the velocity v, (Dv)/(Dt)=(partialv)/(partialt)+v·del v, where del is the gradient operator.

Defined for a vector field A by (A·del ), where del is the gradient operator. Applied in arbitrary orthogonal three-dimensional coordinates to a vector field B, the ...

Given the statement "if P, then Q," or P=>Q, the converse is "if Q, then P." For example, the converse of "If a thing is a dog then it is a mammal" is "If a thing is a mammal ...

A subset A of a vector space V is said to be convex if lambdax+(1-lambda)y for all vectors x,y in A, and all scalars lambda in [0,1]. Via induction, this can be seen to be ...

The problem of maximizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron, also known as operations research or optimization theory. The general problem of convex optimization is ...

Construct a 5×5×5 cube from thirteen 1×2×4 blocks, one 2×2×2 block, one 1×2×2, and three 1×1×3 blocks.

A sphere with four punctures occurring where a knot passes through the surface.

The plane spanned by two coordinate axes in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The coordinate plane spanned by the x- and the y-axis is called xy-plane.