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On a measure space X, the set of square integrable L2-functions is an L^2-space. Taken together with the L2-inner product with respect to a measure mu, <f,g>=int_Xfgdmu (1) ...

The spherical harmonics form a complete orthogonal system, so an arbitrary real function f(theta,phi) can be expanded in terms of complex spherical harmonics by ...

The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

In practice, the vertical offsets from a line (polynomial, surface, hyperplane, etc.) are almost always minimized instead of the perpendicular offsets. This provides a ...

A macron is a bar placed over a single symbol or character, such as x^_. The symbol z^_ is sometimes used to denote the following operations: 1. The complex conjugate z^_. 2. ...

Is it possible to cover completely the surface of a sphere with congruent, nonoverlapping arcs of great circles? Conway and Croft (1964) proved that it can be covered with ...

Let X be a locally convex topological vector space and let K be a compact subset of X. In functional analysis, Milman's theorem is a result which says that if the closed ...

A minimum edge cut of a graph is an edge cut of smallest possible size. The size of a minimum edge cut in a connected graph G is called the graph's edge connectivity ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...

Nonparametric estimation is a statistical method that allows the functional form of a fit to data to be obtained in the absence of any guidance or constraints from theory. As ...