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Let M be a finitely generated module over a commutative Noetherian ring R. Then there exists a finite set {N_i|1<=i<=l} of submodules of M such that 1. intersection ...

A module M is Noetherian if it obeys the ascending chain condition with respect to inclusion, i.e., if every set of increasing sequences of submodules eventually becomes ...

If A=>!B and B=>!A (i.e., (A=>!B) ^ (B=>!A), where !A denotes NOT, => denotes implies, and ^ denotes AND), then A and B are said to be inequivalent, a relationship which is ...

A change in a knot projection such that a pair of oppositely oriented strands are passed through another pair of oppositely oriented strands.

A topological space X is pathwise-connected iff for every two points x,y in X, there is a continuous function f from [0,1] to X such that f(0)=x and f(1)=y. Roughly speaking, ...

Let V be a variety, and write G(V) for the set of divisors, G_l(V) for the set of divisors linearly equivalent to 0, and G_a(V) for the group of divisors algebraically equal ...

Through any point in the plane, there is at most one straight line parallel to a given straight line. This axiom is equivalent to the parallel postulate.

Let p be an odd prime, k be an integer such that pk and 1<=k<=2(p+1), and N=2kp+1. Then the following are equivalent 1. N is prime. 2. There exists an a such that ...

To find the minimum distance between a point in the plane (x_0,y_0) and a quadratic plane curve y=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2, (1) note that the square of the distance is r^2 = ...

A knot equivalent to a polygon in R^3, also called a tame knot. For a polygonal knot K, there exists a plane such that the orthogonal projection pi on it satisfies the ...