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There are certain optimization problems that become unmanageable using combinatorial methods as the number of objects becomes large. A typical example is the traveling ...

The Kronecker-Weber theorem, sometimes known as the Kronecker-Weber-Hilbert theorem, is one of the earliest known results in class field theory. In layman's terms, the ...

A correction which must be applied to the measured moments m_k obtained from normally distributed data which have been binned in order to obtain correct estimators mu^^_i for ...

The word "rank" refers to several related concepts in mathematics involving graphs, groups, matrices, quadratic forms, sequences, set theory, statistics, and tensors. In ...

The class of all regular sequences of particularly well-behaved functions equivalent to a given regular sequence. A distribution is sometimes also called a "generalized ...

A graph G is said to be locally X, where X is a graph (or class of graphs), when for every vertex v, the graph induced on G by the set of adjacent vertices of V (sometimes ...

Wavelets are a class of a functions used to localize a given function in both space and scaling. A family of wavelets can be constructed from a function psi(x), sometimes ...

A pair of vertices (x,y) of a graph G is called an omega-critical pair if omega(G+xy)>omega(G), where G+xy denotes the graph obtained by adding the edge xy to G and omega(H) ...

A calibration form on a Riemannian manifold M is a differential p-form phi such that 1. phi is a closed form. 2. The comass of phi, sup_(v in ^ ^pTM, |v|=1)|phi(v)| (1) ...

Given a sum and a set of weights, find the weights which were used to generate the sum. The values of the weights are then encrypted in the sum. This system relies on the ...