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The term "snark" was first popularized by Gardner (1976) as a class of minimal cubic graphs with edge chromatic number 4 and certain connectivity requirements. (By Vizing's ...

A class of fibered knots and links which arises in algebraic geometry. An algebraic link is formed by connecting the NW and NE strings and the SW and SE strings of an ...

A cryptographic hash function is most commonly one of the following: a one-way hash function, a collision-free hash function, a trapdoor one-way hash function, or a function ...

If 0<p<infty, then the Hardy space H^p(D) is the class of functions holomorphic on the disk D and satisfying the growth condition ...

Machin's formula is given by 1/4pi=4cot^(-1)5-cot^(-1)239. There are a whole class of Machin-like formulas with various numbers of terms (although only four such formulas ...

For a subgroup H of a group G and an element x of G, define xH to be the set {xh:h in H} and Hx to be the set {hx:h in H}. A subset of G of the form xH for some x in G is ...

Proved in 1933. If q is an odd prime or q=0 and n is any positive integer, then there is a Hadamard matrix of order m=2^e(q^n+1), where e is any positive integer such that ...

A general system of fourth-order curvilinear coordinates based on the cyclide in which Laplace's equation is separable (either simply separable or R-separable). Bôcher (1894) ...

Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

Schur (1916) proved that no matter how the set of positive integers less than or equal to |_n!e_| (where |_x_| is the floor function) is partitioned into n classes, one class ...