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Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

In every residue class modulo p, there is exactly one integer polynomial with coefficients >=0 and <=p-1. This polynomial is called the normal polynomial modulo p in the ...

"God is or He is not...Let us weigh the gain and the loss in choosing...'God is.' If you gain, you gain all, if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, unhesitatingly, that ...

A number s of trials in which the probability of success p_i varies from trial to trial. Let x be the number of successes, then var(x)=spq-ssigma_p^2, (1) where sigma_p^2 is ...

Let A and B be C^*-algebras, then a linear map phi:A->B is said to be positive if phi(A_+) subset= B_+. Here, A_+ is denoted the positive part of A. For example, every ...

A straightedge with markings to indicate distances. Although geometric constructions are sometimes said to be performed with a ruler and compass, the term straightedge is ...

The dual polyhedron of the small cubicuboctahedron U_(13) and Wenninger dual W_(69).

Given a point set P={x_n}_(n=0)^(N-1) in the s-dimensional unit cube I=[0,1)^s, the star discrepancy is defined as D_N^*(P)=sup_(J in Upsilon^*)D(J,P), (1) where the local ...

A subring of a ring R is a subgroup of R that is closed under multiplication.

The symbol ∼ used to denote similarity, equivalence relations, or asymptosy.