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A module M over a unit ring R is called flat iff the tensor product functor - tensor _RM (or, equivalently, the tensor product functor M tensor _R-) is an exact functor. For ...

If there exists a one-to-one correspondence between two subgroups and subfields such that G(E(G^')) = G^' (1) E(G(E^')) = E^', (2) then E is said to have a Galois theory. A ...

A minimal free resolution of a finitely generated graded module M over a commutative Noetherian Z-graded ring R in which all maps are homogeneous module homomorphisms, i.e., ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...

A group automorphism is an isomorphism from a group to itself. If G is a finite multiplicative group, an automorphism of G can be described as a way of rewriting its ...

A two-dimensional generalization of the Haar transform which is used for the compression of astronomical images. The algorithm consists of dividing the 2^N×2^N image into ...

A regular two-dimensional arrangement of squares separated by vertical and horizontal "canals." Looking at the grid produces the illusion of gray spots in the white area ...

Home plate in the game of baseball is an irregular pentagon with two parallel sides, each perpendicular to a base. It seems reasonable to dub such a figure (i.e., a rectangle ...

The term isocline derives from the Greek words for "same slope." For a first-order ordinary differential equation y^'=f(t,y) is, a curve with equation f(t,y)=C for some ...

The Jordan canonical form, also called the classical canonical form, of a special type of block matrix in which each block consists of Jordan blocks with possibly differing ...