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The score function u(theta) is the partial derivativeof the log-likelihood function F(theta)=lnL(theta), where L(theta) is the standard likelihood function. Defining the ...

Let X be a set and S a collection of subsets of X. A subset A subset X is shattered by S if each subset B subset A of A can be expressed as the intersection of A with a ...

A sheaf is a presheaf with "something" added allowing us to define things locally. This task is forbidden for presheaves in general. Specifically, a presheaf F on a ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

Squarefree factorization is a first step in many factoring algorithms. It factors nonsquarefree polynomials in terms of squarefree factors that are relatively prime. It can ...

The ith Stiefel-Whitney class of a real vector bundle (or tangent bundle or a real manifold) is in the ith cohomology group of the base space involved. It is an obstruction ...

Let V be a real vector space (e.g., the real continuous functions C(I) on a closed interval I, two-dimensional Euclidean space R^2, the twice differentiable real functions ...

In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

The (not necessarily regular) tetrahedron of least volume circumscribed around a convex body B with volume V is not known. If B is a parallelepiped, then the smallest-volume ...

Suppose that A and B are two algebras and M is a unital A-B-bimodule. Then [A M; 0 B]={[a m; 0 b]:a in A,m in M,b in B} with the usual 2×2 matrix-like addition and ...