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A symbol used to distinguish one quantity x^' ("x prime") from another related x. Prime marks are most commonly used to denote 1. Transformed coordinates, 2. Conjugate ...

A repeated integral is an integral taken multiple times over a single variable (as distinguished from a multiple integral, which consists of a number of integrals taken with ...

The time required for a given principal to double (assuming n=1 conversion period) for compound interest is given by solving 2P=P(1+r)^t, (1) or t=(ln2)/(ln(1+r)), (2) where ...

The term "snark" was first popularized by Gardner (1976) as a class of minimal cubic graphs with edge chromatic number 4 and certain connectivity requirements. (By Vizing's ...

A swirl is a generic word to describe a function having arcs which double back around each other. The plots above correspond to the function f(r,theta)=sin(6cosr-ntheta) for ...

A cubic map is three-colorable iff each interior region is bounded by an even number of regions. A non-cubic map bounded by an even number of regions is not necessarily ...

A weak snark is a cyclically 4-edge connected cubic graph with edge chromatic number 4 and girth at least 4 (Brinkmann et al. 2013). Weak snarks therefore represent a more ...

The doublestruck capital letter Z, Z, denotes the ring of integers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The symbol derives from the German word Zahl, meaning "number" (Dummit and Foote ...

Specifying two angles A and B and a side a opposite A uniquely determines a triangle with area K = (a^2sinBsinC)/(2sinA) (1) = (a^2sinBsin(pi-A-B))/(2sinA). (2) The third ...

Specifying two adjacent angles A and B and the side between them c uniquely (up to geometric congruence) determines a triangle with area K=(c^2)/(2(cotA+cotB)). (1) The angle ...