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Given two topological spaces M and N, place an equivalence relationship on the continuous maps f:M->N using homotopies, and write f_1∼f_2 if f_1 is homotopic to f_2. Roughly ...

Characteristic classes are cohomology classes in the base space of a vector bundle, defined through obstruction theory, which are (perhaps partial) obstructions to the ...

In Season 4 episode "Black Swan" of the television crime drama NUMB3RS, the character Amita Ramanujan refers to universality classes when studying a map of the Los Angeles ...

Take K a number field and m a divisor of K. A congruence subgroup H is defined as a subgroup of the group of all fractional ideals relative prime to m (I_K^m) that contains ...

The divergence of a vector field F, denoted div(F) or del ·F (the notation used in this work), is defined by a limit of the surface integral del ·F=lim_(V->0)(∮_SF·da)/V (1) ...

Let R be a number ring of degree n with 2s imaginary embeddings. Then every ideal class of R contains an ideal J such that ||J||<=(n!)/(n^n)(4/pi)^ssqrt(|disc(R)|), where ...

A prime factorization algorithm.

A complemented lattice is an algebraic structure (L, ^ , v ,0,1,^') such that (L, ^ , v ,0,1) is a bounded lattice and for each element x in L, the element x^' in L is a ...

If A is a class of recursively enumerable sets, then the set of Gödel numbers of functions whose domains belong to A is called its index set. If the index set of A is a ...

Stable distributions are a class of probability distributions allowing skewness and heavy tails (Rimmer and Nolan 2005). They are described by an index of stability (also ...