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A shorthand name for a series with the variable k taken to a negative exponent, e.g., sum_(k=1)^(infty)k^(-p), where p>1. p-series are given in closed form by the Riemann ...

Informally, the term asymptotic means approaching a value or curve arbitrarily closely (i.e., as some sort of limit is taken). A line or curve A that is asymptotic to given ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation xy^('')+(c-x)y^'-ay=0, sometimes also called Kummer's differential equation (Slater 1960, p. 2; Zwillinger 1997, p. 124). It ...

Let phi(t) be the characteristic function, defined as the Fourier transform of the probability density function P(x) using Fourier transform parameters a=b=1, phi(t) = ...

The essential supremum is the proper generalization to measurable functions of the maximum. The technical difference is that the values of a function on a set of measure zero ...

The exterior derivative of a function f is the one-form df=sum_(i)(partialf)/(partialx_i)dx_i (1) written in a coordinate chart (x_1,...,x_n). Thinking of a function as a ...

The fractional derivative of f(t) of order mu>0 (if it exists) can be defined in terms of the fractional integral D^(-nu)f(t) as D^muf(t)=D^m[D^(-(m-mu))f(t)], (1) where m is ...

An elliptic function can be characterized by its real and imaginary half-periods omega_1 and omega_2 (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 428), sometimes also denoted ...

If p_1, ..., p_n are positive numbers which sum to 1 and f is a real continuous function that is convex, then f(sum_(i=1)^np_ix_i)<=sum_(i=1)^np_if(x_i). (1) If f is concave, ...

Let generalized hypergeometric function _pF_q[alpha_1,alpha_2,...,alpha_p; beta_1,beta_2,...,beta_q;z] (1) have p=q+1. Then the generalized hypergeometric function is said to ...