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First published in Riemann's groundbreaking 1859 paper (Riemann 1859), the Riemann hypothesis is a deep mathematical conjecture which states that the nontrivial Riemann zeta ...

In identical experiments, an Allais paradox occurs when the addition of an independent event influences choice behavior. Consider the choices in the following table (Kahneman ...

The associated Stirling numbers of the first kind d_2(n,k)=d(n,k) are defined as the number of permutations of a given number n having exactly k permutation cycles, all of ...

A recursive primality certificate for a prime p. The certificate consists of a list of 1. A point on an elliptic curve C y^2=x^3+g_2x+g_3 (mod p) for some numbers g_2 and ...

If a sequence takes only a small number of different values, then by regarding the values as the elements of a finite field, the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is an efficient ...

If F(x) is a probability distribution with zero mean and rho=int_(-infty)^infty|x|^3dF(x)<infty, (1) where the above integral is a stieltjes integral, then for all x and n, ...

A general type of statistical distribution which is related to the gamma distribution. Beta distributions have two free parameters, which are labeled according to one of two ...

The sequence a(n) given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing n, i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...

A block is a maximal connected subgraph of a given graph G that has no articulation vertex (West 2000, p. 155). If a block has more than two vertices, then it is biconnected. ...

Branch and bound algorithms are a variety of adaptive partition strategies have been proposed to solve global optimization models. These are based upon partition, sampling, ...