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For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.

A metric space Z^^ in which the closure of a congruence class B(j,m) is the corresponding congruence class {x in Z^^|x=j (mod m)}.

A pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a manifold which has a metric that is of the signature diag(-,+,...,+), as compared to a Riemannian manifold, which has a signature of all ...

A map projection in which the parallels are represented by concentric circular arcs and the meridians by concurrent curves.

A surface constructed by placing a family of figure-eight curves into R^3 such that the first and last curves reduce to points. The surface has parametric equations x(u,v) = ...

A projection in which latitude lines are parallel but meridians are curves.

An algebraic structure whose elements consist of selected homeomorphisms between open subsets of a space, with the composition of two transformations defined on the largest ...

A topology on a set X whose open sets are the unions of open balls B(X_0,r)={x in x|g(x_0,x)<r}, where g is a pseudometric on X, x_0 is any point of X, and r>0. There is a ...

Curry (1977, p. 5) uses the term pseudoparadox to describe an apparent paradox, such as the catalogue paradox, for which there is no underlying actual contradiction.

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...