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The residual is the sum of deviations from a best-fit curve of arbitrary form. R=sum[y_i-f(x_i,a_1,...,a_n)]^2. The residual should not be confused with the correlation ...

The least positive integer m^* with the property that chi(y)=1 whenever y=1 (mod m^*) and (y,m)=1.

A shift in phase.

The Reye graph is the transposition graph G_4 of order 4.

Euclidean n-space is denoted R^n.

If the fourth moment mu_4!=0, then P(|x^_-mu_4|>=lambda)<=(mu_4+3(N-1)sigma^4)/(N^3lambda^4), where sigma^2 is the variance.

A 1×n matrix [a_(11) a_(12) ... a_(1n)].

A surface possessing a saddle point.

A position in a game is safe for a player A if the person who plays next (player B) will lose.

A point at which two noncrossing branches of a curve meet with different tangents.