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The term "ice fractal" refers to a fractal (square, triangle, etc.) that is based on a simple generating motif. The above plots show the ice triangle, antitriangle, square, ...

An injective patch is a patch such that x(u_1,v_1)=x(u_2,v_2) implies that u_1=u_2 and v_1=v_2. An example of a patch which is injective but not regular is the function ...

A lag system, introduced by Wang (1963), is a sort of opposite to a tag system. Lag systems allow dependence on more than just the first element, but remove only the first ...

A sphere is rigid.

Two or more functions, equations, or vectors f_1, f_2, ..., which are not linearly dependent, i.e., cannot be expressed in the form a_1f_1+a_2f_2+...+a_nf_n=0 with a_1, a_2, ...

A member of the smallest algebraically closed subfield L of C which is closed under the exponentiation and logarithm operations.

The lower matching number of a graph is the minimum size of a maximal independent edge set. The (upper) matching number may be similarly defined as the largest size of an ...

A curve on which points of a map z_n (such as the Mandelbrot set) diverge to a given value r_(max) at the same rate. A common method of obtaining lemniscates is to define an ...

Let a patch be given by the map x:U->R^n, where U is an open subset of R^2, or more generally by x:A->R^n, where A is any subset of R^2. Then x(U) (or more generally, x(A)) ...

A surface given by the parametric equations x(u,v) = u (1) y(u,v) = v (2) z(u,v) = au^4+u^2v-v^2. (3)