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A general term which refers to an increase (or decrease in the case of the oxymoron "negative growth") in a given quantity.

Given a function of the form y=a+blnx, (1) the coefficients can be found from least squares fitting as b = ...

A proposition is a mathematical statement such as "3 is greater than 4," "an infinite set exists," or "7 is prime." An axiom is a proposition that is assumed to be true. With ...

A curve similar to the sine function but possibly shifted in phase, period, amplitude, or any combination thereof. The general sinusoid of amplitude a, angular frequency ...

The ordinal number of a value in a list arranged in a specified order (usually decreasing).

Let P be a prime ideal in D_m not containing m. Then (Phi(P))=P^(sumtsigma_t^(-1)), where the sum is over all 1<=t<m which are relatively prime to m. Here D_m is the ring of ...

If p and q are distinct odd primes, then the quadratic reciprocity theorem states that the congruences x^2=q (mod p) x^2=p (mod q) (1) are both solvable or both unsolvable ...

If there exists a rational integer x such that, when n, p, and q are positive integers, x^n=q (mod p), then q is the n-adic residue of p, i.e., q is an n-adic residue of p ...

An array is a "list of lists" with the length of each level of list the same. The size (sometimes called the "shape") of a d-dimensional array is then indicated as ...

The study of groups. Gauss developed but did not publish parts of the mathematics of group theory, but Galois is generally considered to have been the first to develop the ...