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Erdős proved that there exist at least one prime of the form 4k+1 and at least one prime of the form 4k+3 between n and 2n for all n>6.

The polynomials in the diagonal of the Smith normal form or rational canonical form of a matrix are called its invariant factors.

Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...

A spanning tree of a graph on n vertices is a subset of n-1 edges that form a tree (Skiena 1990, p. 227). For example, the spanning trees of the cycle graph C_4, diamond ...

The triangular number T_n is a figurate number that can be represented in the form of a triangular grid of points where the first row contains a single element and each ...

A puzzle involving disentangling a set of rings from a looped double rod, originally used by French peasants to lock chests (Steinhaus 1999). The word "baguenaudier" means ...

The Galton board, also known as a quincunx or bean machine, is a device for statistical experiments named after English scientist Sir Francis Galton. It consists of an ...

The finite volume method is a numerical method for solving partial differential equations that calculates the values of the conserved variables averaged across the volume. ...

Dyson (1962abc) conjectured that the constant term in the Laurent series product_(1<=i!=j<=n)(1-(x_i)/(x_j))^(a_i) (1) is the multinomial coefficient ...

A congruence of the form f(x)=0 (mod n) where f(x) is an integer polynomial (Nagell 1951, p. 73).