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Orthogonal contravariant and covariant satisfy g_(ik)g^(ij)=delta_k^j, where delta_j^k is the Kronecker delta.

Unit vectors which are orthogonal are said to be orthonormal.

A function that exhibits oscillation (i.e., slope changes) is said to be oscillating, or sometimes oscillatory.

The term "over" is commonly used in mathematical exposition as a synonym for "in the domain of." So, for example, "Let f be a function over the reals" means "Let f be a ...

The Owen T-function is defined as T(x,a)=1/(2pi)int_0^a(e^(-x^2(1+t^2)/2))/(1+t^2)dt. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as OwenT[x, a]. A special value is given by ...

The probability that a variate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance: P(z>=z_(observed)).

The map x^' = x+1 (1) y^' = 2x+y+1, (2) which leaves the parabola x^('2)-y^'=(x+1)^2-(2x+y+1)=x^2-y (3) invariant.

Two vectors u and v are parallel if their cross product is zero, i.e., uxv=0.

A statistical test in which assumptions are made about the underlying distribution of observed data.

A partial function is a function that is not total.