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The scalar |v|=ds/dt, where s is the arc length, equal to the magnitude of the velocity v.

A 4-sphere has positive curvature, with R^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2 (1) 2x(dx)/(dw)+2y(dy)/(dw)+2z(dz)/(dw)+2w=0. (2) Since r=xx^^+yy^^+zz^^ (3) dw = -(xdx+ydy+zdz)/w (4) = ...

There are 14 families of spherical groups, which can be written in orbifold notation as *532, 532, *432, 432, *332, 3*2, 332, *22N, 2*N, 22N, *NN, N*, Nx, and NN.

An object which can be constructed by squaring is called squarable.

The square root inequality states that 2sqrt(n+1)-2sqrt(n)<1/(sqrt(n))<2sqrt(n)-2sqrt(n-1) for n>=1.

The robustness of a given outcome to small changes in initial conditions or small random fluctuations. Chaos is an example of a process which is not stable.

A type II Markov move.

The measurable space (S^',S^') into which a random variable from a probability space is a measurable function.

The value at a stationary point.

(Deltau)_i^2=(u_i-u^_)^2, where u^_ is the average of {u_i}.