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Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. Now define addition p+a in A for any vector a in V and element p in A subject to the conditions: 1. ...

Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, an element alpha in K is called algebraic over F if it is a root of some nonzero polynomial with coefficients in F. ...

Successive application of Archimedes' recurrence formula gives the Archimedes algorithm, which can be used to provide successive approximations to pi (pi). The algorithm is ...

Take K a number field and L an Abelian extension, then form a prime divisor m that is divided by all ramified primes of the extension L/K. Now define a map phi_(L/K) from the ...

Given a number field K, a Galois extension field L, and prime ideals p of K and P of L unramified over p, there exists a unique element sigma=((L/K),P) of the Galois group ...

Let p_n/q_n be the sequence of convergents of the continued fraction of a number alpha. Then a Brjuno number is an irrational number such that ...

Given a group G, the algebra CG is a vector space CG={suma_ig_i|a_i in C,g_i in G} of finite sums of elements of G, with multiplication defined by g·h=gh, the group ...

The Euclidean plane parametrized by coordinates, so that each point is located based on its position with respect to two perpendicular lines, called coordinate axes. They are ...

There are several equivalent definitions of a closed set. Let S be a subset of a metric space. A set S is closed if 1. The complement of S is an open set, 2. S is its own set ...

The complexity of a process or algorithm is a measure of how difficult it is to perform. The study of the complexity of algorithms is known as complexity theory. In general, ...