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A positive value of n for which x-phi(x)=n has no solution, where phi(x) is the totient function. The first few are 10, 26, 34, 50, 52, ... (OEIS A005278).

A positive even value of n for which phi(x)=n, where phi(x) is the totient function, has no solution. The first few are 14, 26, 34, 38, 50, ... (OEIS A005277).

Let f be a function defined on a set A and taking values in a set B. Then f is said to be an injection (or injective map, or embedding) if, whenever f(x)=f(y), it must be the ...

A nonnegative measurable function f is called Lebesgue integrable if its Lebesgue integral intfdmu is finite. An arbitrary measurable function is integrable if f^+ and f^- ...

Let phi(t)=sum_(n=0)^(infty)A_nt^n be any function for which the integral I(x)=int_0^inftye^(-tx)t^pphi(t)dt converges. Then the expansion where Gamma(z) is the gamma ...

The logarithmic integral (in the "American" convention; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Edwards 2001, p. 26), is defined for real x as li(x) = {int_0^x(dt)/(lnt) for 0<x<1; ...

Any continuous function G:B^n->B^n has a fixed point, where B^n={x in R^n:x_1^2+...+x_n^2<=1} is the unit n-ball.

The conjecture that all integers >1 occur as a value of the totient valence function (i.e., all integers >1 occur as multiplicities). The conjecture was proved by Ford ...

The polynomials G_n(x;a,b) given by the associated Sheffer sequence with f(t)=e^(at)(e^(bt)-1), (1) where b!=0. The inverse function (and therefore generating function) ...

A generalization of calculus of variations which draws the relationship between the stationary points of a smooth real-valued function on a manifold and the global topology ...