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The word "number" is a general term which refers to a member of a given (possibly ordered) set. The meaning of "number" is often clear from context (i.e., does it refer to a ...

A swirl is a generic word to describe a function having arcs which double back around each other. The plots above correspond to the function f(r,theta)=sin(6cosr-ntheta) for ...

An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to solved for f(x). If the limits of the integral are fixed, an integral equation is called a Fredholm ...

A discrete function A(n,k) is called closed form (or sometimes "hypergeometric") in two variables if the ratios A(n+1,k)/A(n,k) and A(n,k+1)/A(n,k) are both rational ...

The interval (generally, the smallest interval) over which the values of a periodic function recur. Functions may have one or more periods over time and in space.

The symbol tau (the lower case Greek letter tau) has many common uses in mathematics, as summarized in the following table. 1. tau(n) is an alternate notation for the divisor ...

The Mills ratio is defined as m(x) = 1/(h(x)) (1) = (S(x))/(P(x)) (2) = (1-D(x))/(P(x)), (3) where h(x) is the hazard function, S(x) is the survival function, P(x) is the ...

The scalar form of Laplace's equation is the partial differential equation del ^2psi=0, (1) where del ^2 is the Laplacian. Note that the operator del ^2 is commonly written ...

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

A uniform distribution, sometimes also known as a rectangular distribution, is a distribution that has constant probability. The probability density function and cumulative ...