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A branch of topology dealing with topological invariants of manifolds.

The use of the principle of mathematical induction in a proof. Induction used in mathematics is often called mathematical induction.

Let sigma_infty(n) be the sum of the infinitary divisors of a number n. An infinitary k-multiperfect number is a number n such that sigma_infty(n)=kn. Cohen (1990) found 13 ...

An inscribed angle is an angle ∠ABC formed by points A, B, and C on a circle's circumference as illustrated above. For an inscribed angle ∠ABC and central angle ∠AOC with the ...

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

If p divides the numerator of the Bernoulli number B_(2k) for 0<2k<p-1, then (p,2k) is called an irregular pair. For p<30000, the irregular pairs of various forms are p=16843 ...

An isozonohedron is a zonohedron whose faces consist of n(n-1) congruent rhombi (Fedorov 1953, pp. 256-266; Chilton and Coxeter 1963). The following table summarizes some of ...

The repeated application of a transformation.

A sequence {a_j} of positive integers is called an iteration sequence if there exists a strictly increasing sequence {s_k} of positive integers such that a_1=s_1>=2 and ...

Let W(u) be a Wiener process. Then where V_t=f(W(t),tau) for 0<=tau=T-t<=T, and f in C^(2,1)((0,infty)×[0,T]). Note that while Ito's lemma was proved by Kiyoshi Ito (also ...