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Scientific notation is the expression of a number n in the form a×10^p, where p=|_log_(10)|n|_| (1) is the floor of the base-10 logarithm of n (the "order of magnitude"), and ...

A transformation that preserves angles and changes all distances in the same ratio, called the ratio of magnification. A similarity can also be defined as a transformation ...

If a random variable X has a chi-squared distribution with m degrees of freedom (chi_m^2) and a random variable Y has a chi-squared distribution with n degrees of freedom ...

Squarefree factorization is a first step in many factoring algorithms. It factors nonsquarefree polynomials in terms of squarefree factors that are relatively prime. It can ...

Stable distributions are a class of probability distributions allowing skewness and heavy tails (Rimmer and Nolan 2005). They are described by an index of stability (also ...

The probability density function for Student's z-distribution is given by f_n(z)=(Gamma(n/2))/(sqrt(pi)Gamma((n-1)/2))(1+z^2)^(-n/2). (1) Now define ...

A topological space fulfilling the T_2-axiom: i.e., any two points have disjoint neighborhoods. In the terminology of Alexandroff and Hopf (1972), a T_2-space is called a ...

Given rods of length 1, 2, ..., n, how many distinct triangles T(n) can be made? Lengths for which l_i>=l_j+l_k (1) obviously do not give triangles, but all other ...

A statistic w on the symmetric group S_n is called a weighted inversion statistic if there exists an upper triangular matrix W=(w_(ij)) such that ...

A variant of the Pollard p-1 method which uses Lucas sequences to achieve rapid factorization if some factor p of N has a decomposition of p+1 in small prime factors.