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If A is true precisely unless B, then B implies not-A and not-B implies A. J. H. Conway has suggested the term "unlesss" for this state of affairs, by analogy with iff.

The number of digits used to perform a given computation. The concepts of accuracy and precision are both closely related and often confused. While the accuracy of a number x ...

The branch of formal logic, also called functional calculus, that deals with representing the logical connections between statements as well as the statements themselves.

The positive predictive value is the probability that a test gives a true result for a true statistic. The negative predictive value is the probability that a test gives a ...

A premise is a statement that is assumed to be true. Formal logic uses a set of premises and syllogisms to arrive at a conclusion.

The present value v_n of a single payment made at n periods in the future is v_n=p/((1+r)^n), (1) where n is the number of periods until payment, p is the payment amount, and ...

The factorization of a number into its constituent primes, also called prime decomposition. Given a positive integer n>=2, the prime factorization is written ...

An Abelian planar difference set of order n exists only for n a prime power. Gordon (1994) has verified it to be true for n<2000000.

The set of prime numbers, sometimes denoted P (Derbyshire 2004, p. 163), and implemented in the Wolfram Language as Primes. In the Wolfram Language, a quantity can be tested ...

The primitive part of a polynomial P(x) is P(x)/k, where k is the content. For a general univariate polynomial P(x), the Wolfram Language function FactorTermsList[poly, x] ...