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A cellular automaton is a collection of "colored" cells on a grid of specified shape that evolves through a number of discrete time steps according to a set of rules based on ...

Geometry is the study of figures in a space of a given number of dimensions and of a given type. The most common types of geometry are plane geometry (dealing with objects ...

The Wiener index W, denoted w (Wiener 1947) and also known as the "path number" or Wiener number (Plavšić et al. 1993), is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by ...

An acnode, also called an isolated point or hermit point, of a curve is a point that satisfies the equation of the curve but has no neighboring points that also lie on the ...

The set A^2 of all ordered pairs of complex numbers.

The set of all nonsingular affine transformations of a translation in space constitutes a group known as the affine group. The affine group contains the full linear group and ...

The ideal generated by a set in a vector space.

An analytic function f(z) satisfying the irreducible algebraic equation A_0(z)f^k+A_1(z)f^(k-1)+...+A_k(z)=0 with single-valued meromorphic functions A_j(z) in a complex ...

A number which can be represented both in the form x_0^2-Dy_0^2 and in the form Dx_1^2-y_1^2. This is only possible when the Pell equation x^2-Dy^2=-1 (1) is solvable. Then ...

The greatest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=pi in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the apoapsis distance r_+=a(1+e). ...