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Given two distributions Y and X with joint probability density function f(x,y), let U=Y/X be the ratio distribution. Then the distribution function of u is D(u) = P(U<=u) (1) ...

A synonym for integer. The word "rational" is sometimes used for emphasis to distinguish it from other types of "integers" such as cyclotomic integers, Eisenstein integers, ...

A rational polynomial is a polynomial having rational coefficients. While the term "rational polynomial" is sometimes used as a synonym for rational function, this usage is ...

A rational quadrilateral is a quadrilateral for which the sides, polygon diagonals, and area are rational. The simplest case has sides a=52, b=25, c=39, and d=60, polygon ...

"The rationals" refers to the set of rational numbers and is commonly denoted Q.

The constant ratio by which all distances are increased (or decreased) in a similarity. A similarity with ratio of magnification equal to 1 is called an isometry.

There are several definitions of a ray. When viewed as a vector, a ray is a vector AB^-> from a point A to a point B. In geometry, a ray is usually taken as a half-infinite ...

A real matrix is a matrix whose elements consist entirely of real numbers. The set of m×n real matrices is sometimes denoted R^(m×n) (Zwillinger 1995, p. 116).

A polynomial having only real numbers as coefficients. A polynomial with real coefficients is a product of irreducible polynomials of first and second degrees.

A vector whose elements are real numbers.