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The upper horizontal line segment in the above figure appears to be longer than the lower line segment despite the fact that both are the same length.

In computer science, a pop is an action which removes the initial element from the top of a queue or stack, turning the list (a_1, a_2, ..., a_n) into (a_2, ..., a_n) and ...

Let X_1 and X_2 be the number of successes in variates taken from two populations. Define p^^_1 = (x_1)/(n_1) (1) p^^_2 = (x_2)/(n_2). (2) The estimator of the difference is ...

The dimension of a partially ordered set P=(X,<=) is the size of the smallest realizer of P. Equivalently, it is the smallest integer d such that P is isomorphic to a ...

A quantity x>0, which may be written with an explicit plus sign for emphasis, +x.

A sequence {mu_n}_(n=0)^infty is positive definite if the moment of every nonnegative polynomial which is not identically zero is greater than zero (Widder 1941, p. 132). ...

A positive matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a positive number, i.e., a_(ij)>0 for all i, j. Positive matrices are therefore a ...

A quadratic form Q(x) is said to be positive semidefinite if it is never <0. However, unlike a positive definite quadratic form, there may exist a x!=0 such that the form is ...

An iterated fibration of Eilenberg-Mac lane spaces. Every topological space has this homotopy type.

A statement, also known as an axiom, which is taken to be true without proof. Postulates are the basic structure from which lemmas and theorems are derived. The whole of ...