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Somewhere on the Earth, there is a pair of antipodal points having simultaneously the same temperature and pressure.

A particular way of doing something, sometimes also called an algorithm or procedure. (According to Petkovšek et al. (1996), "a method is a trick that has worked at least ...

A method used by Gauss to solve the quadratic Diophantine equation of the form mx^2+ny^2=A (Dickson 2005, pp. 391 and 407).

Also known as Kolmogorov entropy, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, or KS entropy. The metric entropy is 0 for nonchaotic motion and >0 for chaotic motion.

The minimum excluded value. The mex of a set S of nonnegative integers is the least nonnegative integer not in the set.

A sequence defined from a finite sequence a_0, a_1, ..., a_n by defining a_(n+1)=mex_(i)(a_i+a_(n-i)), where mex is the mex (minimum excluded value).

The middle levels conjecture, also known as revolving door conjecture, posits that the middle layer graph has a Hamilton cycle for every n>=1. The conjecture was proved by ...

A derived polygon with side ratios chosen as r=1/2 so that inscribed polygons are constructed by connecting the midpoints of the base polygon. For a triangle P, the ...

Given order statistics Y_1=min_(j)X_j, Y_2, ..., Y_(N-1), Y_N=max_(j)X_j with sample size N, the midrange of the random sample is defined by MR=1/2(Y_1+Y_N) (Hogg and Craig ...

If the period of a repeating decimal for a/p, where p is prime and a/p is a reduced fraction, has an even number of digits, then dividing the repeating portion into halves ...