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A change of coordinates matrix, also called a transition matrix, specifies the transformation from one vector basis to another under a change of basis. For example, if ...

The equation f(x_n|x_s)=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x_n|x_r)f(x_r|x_s)dx_r which gives the transitional densities of a Markov sequence. Here, n>r>s are any integers (Papoulis 1984, ...

Characteristic classes are cohomology classes in the base space of a vector bundle, defined through obstruction theory, which are (perhaps partial) obstructions to the ...

The number of coincidences of a (nu,nu^') correspondence of value gamma on a curve of curve genus p is given by nu+nu^'+2pgamma.

If a one-parameter family of curves has index N and class M, the number tangent to a curve of order n_1 and class m_1 in general position is m_1N+n_1M.

In 1891, Chebyshev and Sylvester showed that for sufficiently large x, there exists at least one prime number p satisfying x<p<(1+alpha)x, where alpha=0.092.... Since the ...

A sum of the digits in a given transmission modulo some number. The simplest form of checksum is a parity bit appended on to 7-bit numbers (e.g., ASCII characters) such that ...

Consider the set of compact n-Riemannian manifolds M with diameter(M)<=d, Volume(M)>=V, and |K|<=kappa where kappa is the sectional curvature. Then there is a bound on the ...

A fake knot (i.e., a knot equivalent to the unknot) created by tying a square knot, then looping one end twice through the knot such that when both ends are pulled, the knot ...

A gadget defined for complex vector bundles. The Chern classes of a complex manifold are the Chern classes of its tangent bundle. The ith Chern class is an obstruction to the ...