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When P and Q are integers such that D=P^2-4Q!=0, define the Lucas sequence {U_k} by U_k=(a^k-b^k)/(a-b) for k>=0, with a and b the two roots of x^2-Px+Q=0. Then define a ...

The unknotting number for a torus knot (p,q) is (p-1)(q-1)/2. This 40-year-old conjecture was proved (Adams 1994) by Kronheimer and Mrowka (1993, 1995).

Write down the positive integers in row one, cross out every k_1th number, and write the partial sums of the remaining numbers in the row below. Now cross off every k_2th ...

Consider a knot as being formed from two tangles. The following three operations are called mutations. 1. Cut the knot open along four points on each of the four strings ...

Let a spherical triangle have sides a, b, and c with A, B, and C the corresponding opposite angles. Then (sin[1/2(A-B)])/(sin[1/2(A+B)]) = (tan[1/2(a-b)])/(tan(1/2c)) (1) ...

Beautiful patterns can be created by drawing sets of nested polygons such that the incircle of the nth polygon is the circumcircle of the (n+1)st and successive polygons are ...

A geometric construction, also called a verging construction, which allows the classical geometric construction rules to be bent in order to permit sliding of a marked ruler. ...

A generalization of the polylogarithm function defined by S_(n,p)(z)=((-1)^(n+p-1))/((n-1)!p!)int_0^1((lnt)^(n-1)[ln(1-zt)]^p)/tdt. The function reduces to the usual ...

The set of octonions, also sometimes called Cayley numbers and denoted O, consists of the elements in a Cayley algebra. A typical octonion is of the form ...

Given a parabola with parametric equations x = at^2 (1) y = 2at, (2) the negative pedal curve for a pedal point (x_0,0) has equation x_n = (at^2[a(3t^2+4)-x_0])/(at^2+x_0) ...