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The van der Grinten projection is a map projection given by the transformation x = (1) y = sgn(phi)(pi|PQ-Asqrt((A^2+1)(P^2+A^2)-Q^2)|)/(P^2+A^2), (2) where A = ...

The van der Pol equation is an ordinary differential equation that can be derived from the Rayleigh differential equation by differentiating and setting y=y^'. It is an ...

A continuous distribution defined on the range x in [0,2pi) with probability density function P(x)=(e^(bcos(x-a)))/(2piI_0(b)), (1) where I_0(x) is a modified Bessel function ...

A diamond-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

A von Neumann regular ring is a ring R such that for all a in R, there exists a b in R satisfying a=aba (Jacobson 1989, p. 196). More formally, a ring R is regular in the ...

The graph distance matrix, sometimes also called the all-pairs shortest path matrix, is the square matrix (d_(ij)) consisting of all graph distances from vertex v_i to vertex ...

Hadamard's maximum determinant problem asks to find the largest possible determinant (in absolute value) for any n×n matrix whose elements are taken from some set. Hadamard ...

A hash function H projects a value from a set with many (or even an infinite number of) members to a value from a set with a fixed number of (fewer) members. Hash functions ...

LCF notation is a concise and convenient notation devised by Joshua Lederberg (winner of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine) for the representation of cubic ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...