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The normalized vector of X is a vector in the same direction but with norm (length) 1. It is denoted X^^ and given by X^^=(X)/(|X|), where |X| is the norm of X. It is also ...

The north pole is the point on a sphere with maximum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, A-1/2p<N<=A+1/2p+1, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points (Nosarzewska 1948). This improves on Jarnick's ...

A nowhere-neat dissection is a dissection of an area into polygons such that no two polygons have a side in common. A nowhere-neat dissection in which squares of the same ...

A continuous map f:X->Y between topological spaces is said to be null-homotopic if it is homotopic to a constant map. If a space X has the property that id_X, the identity ...

A null function delta^0(x) satisfies int_a^bdelta^0(x)dx=0 (1) for all a,b, so int_(-infty)^infty|delta^0(x)|dx=0. (2) Like a delta function, they satisfy delta^0(x)={0 x!=0; ...

g_(ij)=[0 1 0 0; 1 0 0 0; 0 0 0 -1; 0 0 -1 0]. It can be expressed as g_(ab)=l_an_b+l_bn_a-m_am^__b-m_bm^__a.

The nullity of a linear transformation f:V->W of vector spaces is the dimension of its null space. The nullity and the map rank add up to the dimension of V, a result ...

Place 2n balls in a bag and number them 1 to 2n, then pick half of them at random. The number of different possible sums for n=1, 2, 3, ... are then 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ... ...

Numerical stability refers to how a malformed input affects the execution of an algorithm. In a numerically stable algorithm, errors in the input lessen in significance as ...