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A right trapezoid is a trapezoid having two right angles. As illustrated above, the area of a right trapezoid is A = ah_2-1/2(h_2-h_1)a (1) = 1/2a(h_1+h_2). (2) A right ...

A transformation consisting of rotations and translations which leaves a given arrangement unchanged.

The inversion of a ring torus. If the inversion center lies on the torus, then the ring cyclide degenerates to a parabolic ring cyclide.

The kernel of a ring homomorphism f:R-->S is the set of all elements of R which are mapped to zero. It is the kernel of f as a homomorphism of additive groups. It is an ideal ...

A unit in a ring is an element u such that there exists u^(-1) where u·u^(-1)=1.

The logical axiom R(x,y)=!(!(x v y) v !(x v !y))=x, where !x denotes NOT and x v y denotes OR, that, when taken together with associativity and commutativity, is equivalent ...

For the Helmholtz differential equation to be separable in a coordinate system, the scale factors h_i in the Laplacian del ...

A pseudocylindrical map projection which distorts shape, area, scale, and distance to create attractive average projection properties.

dN^^+kappa_idr=0, where N^^ is the unit normal vector and kappa_i is one of the two principal curvatures.

The nonlinear three-dimensional map X^. = -(Y+Z) (1) Y^. = X+aY (2) Z^. = b+XZ-cZ (3) whose strange attractor is show above for a=0.2, b=0.2, and c=8.0.