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The set of nilpotent elements in a commutative ring is an ideal, and it is called the nilradical. Another equivalent description is that it is the intersection of the prime ...

A module M is Noetherian if it obeys the ascending chain condition with respect to inclusion, i.e., if every set of increasing sequences of submodules eventually becomes ...

A ruled surface M is a normal developable of a curve y if M can be parameterized by x(u,v)=y(u)+vN^^(u), where N is the normal vector (Gray 1993, pp. 352-354; first edition ...

A function f(n) has the normal order F(n) if f(n) is approximately F(n) for almost all values of n. More precisely, if (1-epsilon)F(n)<f(n)<(1+epsilon)F(n) for every positive ...

The set of elements g of a group such that g^(-1)Hg=H, is said to be the normalizer N_G(H) with respect to a subset of group elements H. If H is a subgroup of G, N_G(H) is ...

An odd chordless cycle is a chordless cycle of length >4. A graph is said to be perfect iff neither the graph G nor its graph complement G^_ has an odd chordless cycle. A ...

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...

A parallelotope whose edges are all mutually perpendicular. The orthotope is a generalization of the rectangle and cuboid.

The outer Vecten circle is the circumcircle of the outer Vecten triangle. It has center at Kimberling center X_(641), which is the complement of the outer Vecten point ...

A fixed point of a linear transformation for which the rescaled variables satisfy (delta-alpha)^2+4betagamma=0.